Which brings us back to the original research Page did on such backlinks, a project he came to call BackRub. He reasoned that the entire Web was loosely based on the premise of citation - after all, what is a link but a citation? If he could divine a method to count and qualify each backlink on the Web, as Page puts it "the Web would become a more valuable place. At the time Page conceived of BackRub, the Web comprised an estimated 10 million documents, with an untold number of links between them.
The computing resources required to crawl such a beast were well beyond the usual bounds of a student project. Unaware of exactly what he was getting into, Page began building out his crawler. The idea's complexity and scale lured Brin to the job. A polymath who had jumped from project to project without settling on a thesis topic, he found the premise behind BackRub fascinating.
In March , Page pointed his crawler at just one page - his homepage at Stanford - and let it loose. The crawler worked outward from there. Crawling the entire Web to discover the sum of its links is a major undertaking, but simple crawling was not where BackRub's true innovation lay. Page was naturally aware of the concept of ranking in academic publishing, and he theorized that the structure of the Web's graph would reveal not just who was linking to whom, but more critically, the importance of who linked to whom, based on various attributes of the site that was doing the linking.
Inspired by citation analysis, Page realized that a raw count of links to a page would be a useful guide to that page's rank. He also saw that each link needed its own ranking, based on the link count of its originating page.
But such an approach creates a difficult and recursive mathematical challenge - you not only have to count a particular page's links, you also have to count the links attached to the links. The math gets complicated rather quickly. Fortunately, Page was now working with Brin, whose prodigious gifts in mathematics could be applied to the problem. By the time he was a middle schooler, Brin was a recognized math prodigy. He left high school a year early to go to UM.
When he graduated, he immediately enrolled at Stanford, where his talents allowed him to goof off. The weather was so good, he told me, that he loaded up on nonacademic classes - sailing, swimming, scuba diving. He focused his intellectual energies on interesting projects rather than actual course work. Together, Page and Brin created a ranking system that rewarded links that came from sources that were important and penalized those that did not.
For example, many sites link to IBM. Those links might range from a business partner in the technology industry to a teenage programmer in suburban Illinois who just got a ThinkPad for Christmas. To a human observer, the business partner is a more important link in terms of IBM's place in the world. Data Structures.
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How Google's Search Engine Works. Public Response. Impact on Society. Site owners cassymenendez. This section will answer the following questions: How did Google develop? Who started it? Today, the company is now well on its way to becoming a trillion-dollar company. The web-only renders provide step-by-step directions and zoomable maps with a smattering of businesses like hotels available to search.
While Google had offered a Chinese language version of its website for users in China since September , that service was based in California and was subject to blockades and firewall slowdowns. In , Google launched a subsidiary based in China to more effectively compete with its local alternative, Baidu. Results were heavily censored with a disclaimer on top. Google established itself back in as a dominant force in web advertising with the launch of AdWords. With DoubleClick, which specialized in display ads and ran its own exchange, Google further expanded its pervasive ad empire across the internet.
Google hired several Mozilla Firefox developers, and together, they made Chrome for Windows , which later came to other operating systems. It was still a beta version, but it already had sandboxed tabs for faster and more stable browsing. Google made a page comic explaining how Chrome worked to go along with the announcement. The early days of Android were dominated by a lot of weird experiments. Enter the Nexus One.
It was built by HTC but designed by Google to be the ultimate showcase for what an Android device could be. At the start of , Google discovered a sophisticated phishing attack in China on its infrastructure aimed at extracting the email addresses and personal info of Chinese human rights activists.
The attack prompted Google to switch gears on how it was operating in China, even while knowing what a risky move it would be. Soon after, Beijing banned Google from China. Oracle kicked off what would become an eight-plus-year and still unfinished lawsuit over Android that many fear could have disastrous implications for all software developers if Google were to lose.
Without the ability to freely remake APIs, advocates like the Electronic Frontier Foundation are concerned that hardware and software development will be stifled. Now, eight years later, Oracle currently stands as the victor while Google attempts to appeal to the Supreme Court. In , Google rolled out a far different kind of product : a fleet of seven Toyota Priuses.
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