This includes structures such as airports, roads, bridges, dams, sewerage, railways, and many more. As you can see, a civil engineer has an impact on the things we use every day and our surroundings. As such, there are five main types of civil engineering projects.
Photo by rawpixel. The five types of civil engineering projects are construction and management, geotechnical, structural, transport, water, and architecture. Each of these projects requires extensive knowledge of math, mechanics, and physics as well as the ability to solve problems creatively. Construction and management engineering is about creating things like bridges, buildings, roads, and railways. The purpose of engineering construction is to build these structures in the most efficient, safe, sustainable, and environmentally friendly way possible.
Following the construction phase is an asset management phase. In this phase, you outline the maintenance, operation, and refurbishment over the lifespan of the project. These things need to be managed so that the owner of the project can make sure that there is value in return for money spent on the project. Out of the five types of civil engineering projects, geotechnical engineering is concerned with understanding how a project interacts with the ground out of the five types of civil engineering projects.
People in the geotechnical engineering field deal with structures such as tunnels, bridges, roads, railways and more. Geotechnical engineers deal with a different type of ground for every project.
This excites most geotechnical engineers because no two grounds are the same. Analyzing and designing the construction of bridges, towers, buildings, dams and more is the job of a structural engineer. These structures need to built in a way that makes them safe, sustainable, economical, and somewhat pleasing to the eye. This needs to be based on many challenging variables such as:. Transport engineers face multi-faceted design decisions when they are designing optimised transport infrastructure networks.
In all design decisions, multiple performance measures, cost metrics and safety criteria must be considered and weighed. These might relate to:. Transport operations, whether for road, rail, port or air traffic, are designed to minimise travel delays, improve safety, reduce emissions and enhance reliability, as well as taking other considerations into account. Transport operation decisions may involve optimising traffic signals, setting specific tolls, and designing traffic signs and markings.
What is Civil Engineering? Structural Engineering. Geotechnical Engineering. Water Engineering. Some of the challenges water engineers address include: Rainfall and storm prediction modelling taking into account climate change Water supply needs in different parts of Australia: drinking water, water for industry and agriculture, including wastewater treatment, and water for the natural environment - this may include combinations of dams, groundwater, recycled water and desalinated water Flood prediction and management: one of the costliest natural disasters for Australia Groundwater management: water that lies in underground aquifers and deep in the soil Coastal management: how do we manage the coasts as sea levels rise, how do we effectively protect infrastructure, coastal groundwater resources and estuaries.
Transport Engineering. This needs to be based on many challenging variables such as: population growth changes from petroleum to electrical based power share vehicles future technological advances government emissions policy changes Transport engineers face multi-faceted design decisions when they are designing optimised transport infrastructure networks.
Primary duties: A project engineer is in charge of the planning process for the construction of infrastructure. They train construction staff and create a projected budget based on the timeline and materials needed to complete a project. A project engineer may also be expected to conduct evaluations throughout the stages of a project to determine if any alterations need to be made. Primary duties: A geotechnical engineer assesses the local environment where a proposed-project will likely be built.
They also identify environmental risk factors that could negatively affect the completion and structural soundness of infrastructure.
Primary duties: A mining engineer is responsible for evaluating the potential risk factors involved in extracting natural resources such as oil, metals and gas from the ground. They weigh these risk factors to determine whether or not it is safe to complete extraction at that site. Mining engineers are also responsible for assessing a particular site and estimating its commercial value.
Structural engineering uses physics and mathematics to determine the safest and most functional way to design a project. This type of engineering focuses on creating a unique and aesthetically-pleasing design for a bridge or building for example, while also factoring in what materials will make the structure stable and secure.
Primary duties: A fire engineer has the unique job of assessing and implementing the correct fire safety elements to a building. This includes identifying structural flaws that could prevent easy exits or emergency exit signs and smoke detector placement.
A fire engineer approaches the construction of a building from a fire safety standpoint and adjusts the building's layout and features to uphold standards. Primary duties: A structural engineer is responsible for creating a design for a piece of infrastructure that is unique in appearance while also structurally sound.
They conduct risk assessments before the start of a project to determine the necessary materials and physics needed to create a functional and safe structure. Primary duties: A planning engineer is in charge of instilling the best tactics to use during construction.
They do so by calculating the potential cost of a project and compare this to the required building materials, manpower and time that is needed to complete it. The job of a planning engineer is to identify and implement cost-effective measures to a project, while also being mindful of safety standards. Transportation engineering focuses on the safety and efficiency of modes of transportation and transportation systems and how to construct them in a way that will lessen their effects on the environment.
In conjunction with safety and environmental standards, transport engineering strives to improve the ease of travel with new-and-improved design ideas. Primary duties: A marine engineer focuses on water transportation methods; designing, constructing and repairing ships and other aquatic equipment.
This position requires an in-depth understanding of physics to create durable modes of transportation. A marine engineer could help design and construct a naval ship, yacht or deep-sea drilling equipment.
Primary duties: A traffic engineer is responsible for designing roadways that will help minimize or at least limit the amount of traffic build-up. They are also in charge of determining the safest and most efficient routes to build roadways through. Primary duties: A highway engineer works specifically on the construction of major roadways, overpasses and tunnels, seeing that these forms of infrastructure are in-line with safety regulations and conducting on-site maintenance over time.
Water engineering examines how water interacts with infrastructure, and how we can use it to our benefit.
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