The interview: Sayragul Sauytbay. Sayragul Sauytbay on being forced to teach propaganda in a concentration camp for Uyghur people. Hall of infamy: Carrie Lam. Uyghur poet and teacher Abduweli Ayup talks to Jan-Peter Westad about language, cultural survival and the unspeakable. The Beijing connection. Christine Mungai reflects on the past, present and future of the relationship between China and the African continent. Xinjiang: living in a ghost world.
How green is China? China in charge. Yohann Koshy on the ironies and contradictions of what one day might be called the Chinese century. The British state is complicit in their deaths, argues Jun Pang. Who is militarizing the South China Sea? Mark J Valencia makes sense of the cauldron for conflict between China and its neighbours. China is making promises, but keeping them may be hard…. A rustbelt romance. No more of your junk. Adam Liebman explains why we need a less rosy notion of what actually happens to our recycling.
Is China detaining a million Uyghur Muslims? Nithin Coca reports. View from Africa: Progress without people. China: a post-neoliberal order? Initially the Chinese operated prudently. This feeling escalated when reports reached central Tibet about how Chinese troops in adjacent regions, such as in the Tibetan areas of the Chinese provinces of Qinghai and Sichuan,were using increasingly aggressive methods to subject the Tibetans, confiscating land, breaking up the traditional class system, arresting landlords and bombing monasteries.
The Chinese response was a brutal crackdown, in , that resulted in the destruction of hundreds of monasteries, the killing of thousands of Tibetans. Tibet's spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India where he continues to live in exile. Over the following decades, Tibetans staged numerous demonstrations protesting China's presence, the biggest ones taking place in and China has always replied with brutal force.
Today, Tibet, as well as other "autonomous regions" that are formally governed by members of China's minorities, but in practice controlled by the CCP, are being brought under increasingly tight scrutiny by Beijing. This is a direct result of current Party Secretary Xi Jinping's apparent attempts to integrate China's minorities with the dominant Han-Chinese by means of "ethnic contact, exchange and blending," a catchphrase initially invented by Xi's predecessor Hu Jintao, but today made into a national policy intended to further subject the minorities - in some cases, as in Xinjiang, by brute force.
Chinese government police shot and injured several Tibetans during protests near Lhasa on May , On May 20, , Amnesty International AI condemned the government for the violent suppression of the Tibetan protesters. Some 3, Tibetans fled as refugees to India in Some , Tibetans were refugees in neighboring countries in December , including , refugees in India and 18, refugees in Nepal. Tibetans rioted against Chinese government rule in Lhasa and other Chinese provinces on March , , resulting in the deaths of at least 19 individuals.
Representatives of the Dalai Lama held talks in Beijing in July On October 27, , the PRC government confirmed that two Tibetans were executed for their involvement in the March riots in Lhasa.
PRC government police raided a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Sichuan Province on April 21, , resulting in the deaths of two individuals. Lobsang Sangay was declared the winner of the election for prime minister of the Tibetan government-in-exile with 55 percent of the vote on April 26, , and he was officially sworn in as prime minister in Dharamsala, India on August 7, Some 49, Tibetan exiles throughout the world cast ballots in the election.
Jigme Gyatso, a Tibetan political prisoner since , was released from prison by the PRC government on March 30, Chinese technology companies, particularly Huawei but also artificial intelligence companies such as Cloudwalk, were under intense scrutiny for their ties to the Chinese government and their cooperation with foreign technology counterparts.
As they expand worldwide, offering affordable equipment and services to governments and companies, there are concerns that they are enabling the proliferation of mass surveillance. In July, a media report found that US technology companies had collaborated with a Chinese company, Semptian, in developing microprocessors that enable computers to analyze vast amounts of data more efficiently, and that Semptian had used them to enhance mass surveillance and censorship for Chinese security agencies.
China does not have a unified privacy or data protection law. The government restricts religious practice to five officially recognized religions in officially approved premises. In December , police detained the pastor and scores of members of Early Rain Covenant Church, an independent Protestant church in the southwestern city of Chengdu. Most were released days or months later. In September, a state-sanctioned church in Henan province was ordered to replace the Ten Commandments with quotes by President Xi.
In its continuing campaign to crack down on Islamic traditions, authorities in Gansu, Ningxia, and other Hui Muslim areas demolished domes on mosques and banned the public use of Arabic script.
A CCP notice banning retired Tibetan government employees from performing kora , the practice of circumambulating a sacred site, appears to have been issued in early August Many women and girls are deceived through false promises of employment into travelling to China, only to be sold to Chinese families as brides and held in sexual slavery, often for years.
In July, Wang Zhenhua, a prominent businessman and philanthropist, was detained by the police as they investigated a child molestation incident that injured a 9-year-old girl. Government censors initially blocked online discussions and media reporting of the case, leading to an online uproar. Also in July, a court in Chengdu ruled in a case of alleged sexual harassment in favor of the plaintiff, marking the first ruling since the MeToo movement gathered momentum in China.
China decriminalized homosexuality in , but it still lacks laws protecting people from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity, and same-sex partnership is not legal. In January, the Guangzhou government banned two lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights organizations, including a student-led group at the University of Guangzhou. China continued to detain and forcibly return hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of North Korean refugees, thus violating its obligations as a party to the Refugee Convention.
The government refused to consider fleeing North Koreans as refugees, even though those returned have long been persecuted. Human Rights Watch considers North Koreans in China as refugees sur place, meaning their arrival in China put them at risk if returned.
A number of governments and parliaments have publicly expressed grave concerns about the situation in Xinjiang and other serious human rights violations by the Chinese government, and continue to seek to monitor trials and assist human rights defenders.
The US Congress and European Parliament issued resolutions and considered legislation on issues including Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang, yet few governments were willing to impose tougher responses, such as sanctions or export controls, to press Beijing to change its policies.
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